Thursday, September 28, 2023

Morphology, Morpheme, short notes. Language and Linguistic.

Morphology

The part of linguistics that deals with the study of the structure of words is called morphology or morphemics. 

Morpheme can be define as the smallest meaningful unit in the structure of a language. The smallest meaningful unit means a unit which cannot be divided further without destroying or altering the meaning.

Morpheme is the smallest meaningful grammatical unit of a language that can't be further divided. 

Simply, It has a meaning or grammatical function. A single word may be composed of one or more morphemes. 

The word ' write' is a morpheme
The word 'Rewrite' has two morphemes. 
Re = Grammatical Function 
Write = Gives meaning. 

One Morpheme      Two Morpheme 
 Sad                            sadness
Happy                        Unhappy
Book                           Books
Mad                            Madness
Man                            Manly


There are two types of morpheme in language. 

*Free Morpheme 
*Bound Morpheme

Free morpheme can exists alone with a specific meaning. They can stand alone as an independent words. For example  book day, height, eat...etc. It is the base or root word. 

Bound Morpheme 
Bound morpheme can't stand alone. It cannot occure independently. They don't make any senes when used in isolation. They are always attached to other morpheme. 
Eg: ed, es, s, dis, ing, in, un, ful, ness.. ect. 


Lexical Morpheme and Grammatical Morpheme 

Those morphemes which have more or less independent meaning are called Lexical morphemes

For eg: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. 

Grammatical morphemes are grammatically significant but semantically insignificant. They Includes articles, prepositions, conjections. 

The boy is cutting mango with knife. 

The, is, ing, with = Grammatical Morphemes

Boy, cut, mango, knife = Lexical Morpheme 







 

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