Answer Key. Indian Constitution and Politics. Fedaralism, Decentralization, and Political Dynamics.

1.NITI Aayog

NITI Aayog is the National Institution for Transforming India, which was formed in 2015. It replaced the Planning commission of India. Prime Minister is the chairperson of NITI Aayog. It is a think tank in India.

2.List System

The Indian Constitution provides three lists. They are Union list, State list and Concurrent list. 

3.Inter State Council

The Constitution of India in article 263 provided an Inter-State Council (ISC). Decentralisation of powers to the states, providing financial resources to states are the aims of Inter State Council. 

4. Schedule X

The 10th Schedule of the Indian Constitution contain Provisions relating to disqualification on the ground of defection. It was included under the 52nd Constitution Amendment Act, also called Anti Defection Act (1985).

5. Federalism 

Federalism is a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government. They are central government and state government in India. So federalism is a mixed or compound mode of government. 

6. 42nd Amendment 

42nd Amendment Act, 1976 is one of the most important amendments to the Indian Constitution. it is also known as ‘Mini-Constitutionʼ. It added 'Fundamental Duties' in the constitution. Reduce power of Supreme Court and High Court. 

7.Regional Political Parties 

The presence of a large number of regional parties is an important feature of the Indian Political System. They have come to play a vital role in Indian politics at all levels i.e. local state and national.

It generally operates within a specific state or specific region. Its electoral base is limited to a single region. 

These include Shiromani Akali Dal, National Conference, DMK, AIADMK, Telugu Desam, Shiv Sena, Asom Gana Parishad, Mizo National Front, Jharkhand Mukti Morch and so on. 

8.The 101st Amendment Act

It was passed on 8 August 2016, it talks about GST (Goods and Services Tax). The Constitution (101st) Amendment Act, 2016 allows both the centre and states to levy the Goods and Services Tax (GST).  

9. Finance Commission of India

The Finance Commissions are commissions periodically constituted by the President of India under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution to define the financial relations between the central government of India and the individual state governments.

10.Linguistic Minorities. 

A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a country . Such people are termed linguistic minorities or language minorities.

Article 30 (1) of the Constitution of India provides a fundamental right to linguistic minorities to establish and administer educational institutes of their choice. 

11. Centre - State relations

The constitution of India follows the federal structure and divides all of its power between the Centre and the states. The powers are divided between Centre-State Relations in the form of the executive, legislative, and financial powers. 

12. Dominant Party System

Any ruling party staying in power for more than one consecutive term may be considered a dominant. Now Baratiya Janatha Party(BJP) is the dominant party in India. 

13. State Party

State parties are political parties which have 2% of seats in Lok sabha at least from three different states. And also have 6% votes in Legislative assembly. Then only it gets recognition as a state party. 

Aam Aadmi Party is an example for State Party. 

14. Decentralization 

When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local government, it is called decentralisation. 

15.Panchayat Samiti

Panchayat samiti is a rural local government. It works as an intermediate. 

The panchayat samiti is the link between the gram Panchayat(village council) and the Jilla parishat(district board).

Indian Constitution and Politics. BA English. Third semester Complimentary paper. Indian Constitution and Politics

Answer Key. English Grammar and Usage : Model Exam 3rd Sem BA English

1.Form Class = Weather, Becoming, Unpredictable, Days

Function Class = Is, these

2. Superior Status 

  Superior - Adjective 

  Status    - Noun

3. Gerund- Any verb with - ing form

Walking is a good exercise. 

Learning is interesting. 

Smoking is bad for health.

Gardening is my favourite hobby.

4. How dare you talk to me like that? - Interrogative mood.

Mood is used to refer to verb category or form. If it is a question, that is called 'interrogative mode'. 

5. Inflexional morpheme - suggested, suggesting, 

 

 Derivational morpheme

Suggestive, Suggestable, Suggestion, suggestions, Suggestopaedia 

6. Give in - stop fighting or admit                        defeat. 

7. Idiom - break the ice

The handshake is a universal sign of greeting, used to break the ice with strangers.

I break the ice by talking to her about my hobbies

Nss volunteers broke the ice before the camp began.

8. Write a sentence by using the pattern,  S + V + O + Participle. 

I see a cat running across the garden. 

She rode the bicycle humming a song.

I take English book learning grammar.

9. The river is dark because of factory waste

The river is dark when it is polluted by factory waste

10. The Himalayas are the the most imposing structures in the world.

Himalayas are( when it is used for showing mountain ranges)

Himalayas is ( when it is used for whole mountain) 

11.  When I reached the railway station, the train had left

Though I know the answer, I can't spell it out. 

I eat popcorn whenever I watch a movie. 

12. Jas is going to Mumbai this friday. 

Simple future tense is used in this sentence.' Going to' is used to show the recent future, which is happening shortly. 

13. You are not as big as the table. 

Big   - Positive degree

Bigger - Comparative degree

Biggest -   Superlative  degree

14. He went to school despite his illness. 

'Despite of ' is a wrong usage. 

15. The students weren't permitted to go for the the study tour, were they? 

class test, Answer key. Grammar and communication.

1. Make sentences by using the following sentence patterns.

a) SVOO

b) SVC

Ans.a) She bought a pen to her mother

b) She cried loudly

2. Identify the pattern of the given sentence. 

a) The teacher gave her students notebooks 

b) you seem worried

Ans. a) SVOO

        b) SVC

3. Everyone (has/have) done his or her home work.

Everyone has done his or her home work.

4. Neither I nor my sisters (expect /expects) to graduate in June.

Neither I nor my sisters expect to graduate in June.

5. Identify the types of sentences. 

a) we are pleased to meet you

b) when do you start your work?

a) declarative or Assertive sentence

b) Interrogative sentence

6. A) I saw a wounded dog

    B) The girl sitting next to Peter         is his sister. 

Ans. I saw a dog that was                 wounded. 

  I saw a dog which was                        wounded. 

B) The girl who is sitting next to Peter is his sister.

7. a) As soon as the child started crying, his mother lifted him up. 

   b) Everybody was present for the meeting. 

Ans.a) No sooner had the child started crying than the mother lifted him up. 

b) Nobody was absent for the

 meeting

8. Use correct form of the tag. 

a) You Play tennis,----? 

b) He has a daughter, ---? 

Ans.a) You play tennis, Don't you? 

        b)  He has a daughter, doesn't he/ hasn't he? 

9. a) *The sun was boiling hot.

 *I hate July in this part of the country, it's boiling hot down here.

  b) *Please don't make a scene.

       * She doesn't like to make a               scene before strangers. 

       *I was mad, but I didn't want            to make a scene .

10. Put appropriate punctuations in the following sentences. 

A) He neither smiled spoke nor looked at me

B) A grandparents job is easier than a parents

A) He neither smiled, spoke, nor looked at me.

B) A grandparent's Job is easier than a parent's.

Reading Prose Question paper with answer key

“We were made to believe our faces betrayed us” and “We were told that silence was better.”

Janice Miri Kitani's  " Breaking Silence" is  a poem that focuses on experiences during World War II; when Japanese- American’s were put into internment camps. 

She writes expressing the political agenda, speaks out against people of color, violence and containment her mother went through. Maybe because they were easily identifiable as being Asian, so they felt more racial hatred.

 

Racial discrimination during and after second worldwar is the the main theme of the poem. Japanese Americans were sent to different concentration camps and they did not have any voice but only silence. Silence was the only way they could express their ideas and thoughts. She says " we were made to believe our faces betrayed us. Our bodies were loud with yellow screaming flesh". These lines talk about the racial discrimination faced by Japanese Americans. They did not know what was the mistake they were done for being treat like that. 

She is describing her mother's pain which she faced at concentration camp. The interment of Japanese Americans vividly portrayed through the poem. US officials were

incarcerating Japanese Americans, especially those who were citizens, without a clear reason.Virtually all Japanese Americans were forced to leave their homes and property and live in camps for most of the war. They were put in different camps. Living conditions in these makeshift camps were terrible.

The silence played by her mother was a struggle but poet assures that the silence 

Exercise 4 Insert Question marks where necessary.

1. “ Do you like it here?” asked Bob Portman.

2. “ I have lived here all my life, ” said Sally Mason with pride. 

3.“ You have lived here all your life!” he said. 

4.“ I was born here, and my father before me, and my grandfather, and my great grandfather“. She turned to her brother. “ Is'nt that so?” 

5. “Yes, it's a family habit to be born here!” the young man said with a laugh. 

Exercise 3- Insert commas where they help to make the meaning clear.

1. As the New year opens, stores are putting on their annual sales.

2. News of the demonstrations spread quickly, embarrassing government officials. 

3.As things stand now, the government has no way to block the visit 

4.Often, as not, the women work in the fields.

5. With quantities, low prices will continue to rise. 

Exercise 1- Rewrite the passage using proper punctuations and capitalization. Tape the Tail on the donkey

Tape the Tail on the Donkey

Have you ever played ' Tape the Tail on the Donkey'?. We played it at my birthday party. It's easy and fun. First Mom taped a big picture of a donkey up on a wall. Next she blindfolded the first Player Andrew. She gave Andrew a donkey's tail with a piece of tape on it. Right after she gave him the tail. she spun him around so that he got kind of dizzy. Then Andrew walked up to the picture and taped the tail, where he thought it belonged. Finally, Mom removed the blindfold from Andrew's eyes and we watched his face when he saw where he had placed the tail.

Ozymandias (1818). 19th century literature.

             Ozymandias

  Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

In this winding story within a story within a poem, Shelley paints for us the image of the ruins of a statue of ancient Egyptian king Ozymandias, who is today commonly known as Ramesses II. The poet meets a person who has been from an ancient place in deserts. He is the one who tells the poet about the ruined statue of the powerful king, Ozymandias. ItvhaThis king is still regarded as the greatest and most powerful Egyptian pharaoh. The poem talk about his desire to immortalize himself by erecting a statue. Yet, all that’s left of the statue are his legs, which tell us it was huge and impressive; the shattered head and snarling face, which tell us how tyrannical he was; and his inscribed quote hailing the magnificent structures that he built and that have been reduced to dust, which tells us they might not have been quite as magnificent as Ozymandias imagined. 

The image of a dictator-like king whose kingdom is no more creates a palpable irony. But, beyond that there is a perennial lesson about the inescapable and destructive forces of time, history, and nature.

 Success, fame, power, money, health, and prosperity can only last so long before fading into “lone and level sands.”

There are yet more layers of meaning here that elevate this into one of the greatest poems. In terms of lost civilizations that show the ephemeralness of human pursuits, there is no better example than the Egyptians—who we associate with such dazzling monuments as the Sphinx and the Great Pyramid at Giza (that stands far taller than the Statue of Liberty)—yet who completely lost their spectacular language, culture, and civilization. If the forces of time, history, and nature can take down the Egyptian civilization. 

 Ozymandias is believed to have been the villainous pharaoh who enslaved the ancient Hebrews and who Moses led the exodus from. If all ordinary pursuits, such as power and fame, are but dust, what remains, the poem suggests, are spirituality and morality—embodied by the ancient Hebrew faith.

We can correlate this Sonnet  with Shakespeare's Sonnet ' Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments.( Sonnet 55).In these two poems, both poets use imagery, symbol and irony to explain how possession and power remain temporarily. 

Though each of these sonnets have been written about completely unrelated subjects, they still both portray the message that everything changes with time. 

When Shelley wrote Ozymandias, he wrote the first eight lines as a story and the last six lines as a moral to the story.Shelley is telling the reader that it is not possible to try and defeat time, even with non-living possessions. The poem also depicts the impermanence of power and the permanence of art. 

ENG 3A- 05 Signatures: Expressing the Self. University of Calicut. 3rd Semester examination 2021